Obsessive-compulsive disorder, a review

Summary: Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders is a group of conditions which are presently classified together in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), and the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD 11). These disorders, in the clinical domain, are often under-diagnosed and therefore under-treated. Obsessive-compulsive disorder or OCD is a highly prevalent and chronic condition that is evidently connected with substantial global disability.

Source: Nature Reviews Disease Primers.

Obsessive–compulsive disorder or OCD is a commonly widespread and chronic condition that is evidently connected with substantial global disability. OCD in this particular study is being taken as the key example of the ‘obsessive–compulsive and related disorders’.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), and the International Classification of Diseases. The Eleventh Revision (ICD-11) currently classifies obsessive-compulsive and related disorders as a group of conditions. These disorders, in the clinical domain, are often underdiagnosed and therefore undertreated.

Furthermore, OCD is an important example of a neuropsychiatric disorder, where rigorous research on phenomenology, pharmacotherapy psychobiology, and psychotherapy has substantially played an important role towards better recognition, assessment and outcomes.

In-spite of OCD being a relatively homogenous disorder with similar symptom dimensions globally, it has been that people require individualized assessment of symptoms, the degree of insight, as well as the extent of comorbidity.

Several neurobiological mechanisms underlying OCD have been recognized by the researchers, this includes the specific brain circuits that form the explanation of OCD. In addition to the laboratory models. Which have gone forward to demonstrate how cellular and molecular dysfunction explains the abundance of repetitive stereotyped behaviors. Besides these, the genetic architecture of OCD is also being intensively studied to gain a better understanding.

Research has been conducted to identify the effective treatments of OCD. The results indicate that treatment plans might include serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT).

Medical practitioners suggested neurosurgery for those with intractable symptoms. Integration and amalgamation of global mental health and translational neuroscience approaches that take place could be used to further advance knowledge on OCD and improve clinical outcomes and prognosis.